To evaluate the long - term efficacy of UPA in real - world settings for patients with moderate - to - severe active refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have a poor response to biologic therapies, as well as to assess the incidence of adverse events associated with UPA treatment for RA.

The study included general patient characteristics, baseline observations and post - treatment measurements at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 52. These measurements included relevant laboratory parameters, disease assessment indicators and safety parameters.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing 52 - week follow - up treatment, statistically significant differences were observed compared to baseline levels at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 52 in the following parameters: swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), C - reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions associated with upadacitinib use included tuberculosis infection, pulmonary cryptococcal infection, pulmonary aspergillosis, and herpes zoster.

UPA treatment in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can significantly improve joint symptoms and maintain long - term clinical remission. Although common adverse reactions such as infections and elevated liver enzymes occur, the long - term safety profile is favorable with no new risks identified.