Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical radiology technicians regarding radiation exposure and protection.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2024, and included radiology technicians. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and KAP toward radiation exposure and protection. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to explore the relationships between KAP and validate the KAP model.

Results: A total of 207 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the respondents, 122 (58.94%) were female, 104 (50.24%) experienced health issues, of which hair loss (77 [37.20%]) and insomnia 72 ([34.78%]) were most common. And 76 (36.71%) believed their health issues were linked to radiation exposure during work. The mean scores for knowledge was 19.05 ± 6.61 (possible range: 0-32), for attitude was 29.97 ± 5.79 (possible range: 9-45), and for practice was 30.51 ± 5.47 (possible range: 9-45), respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.390, P < 0.001), and a positive correlation between attitude and practice scores (r = 0.143, P = 0.039). However, the correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.120, P = 0.084) was not significant. SEM analysis indicated that knowledge had a direct effect on practice (β = 0.757, P < 0.001). However, neither the effect of knowledge on attitude (β = 0.173, P = 0.205) nor the effect of attitude on practice (β = -0.017, P = 0.811) was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Medical radiology technicians demonstrated insufficient knowledge but moderate attitudes and practices related to radiation exposure and protection. Strengthening targeted educational programs and continuous training on radiation safety protocols is crucial to improve technicians' knowledge and ensure safer practices in clinical settings.